Cjhs400 R1 Individual Case Studies Essay - 1085 Words

University of Phoenix Material Individual Case Studies Case One: Violet Violet is a 20-year-old woman with a history of difficult relationships. She was in foster care from 12 to 18 years old. She attended a career college and is employed as a dental assistant. This is her first real job. She was referred to you after a patient at her dental office had a stalking complaint. She apparently began dating a young man (John) after meeting him at the dentist’s office. When she arrives for her appointment with you, she is dressed provocatively in a low-cut blouse and tight pants. She has heavy eye makeup on and seems to be very needy, becoming tearful several times during the session. At the start of the interview, she states that this†¦show more content†¦They met for dinner, and she ended up going to his apartment where they had sex. She reports that they saw each other every day for about 3 weeks, which often ended in sex. She states that he said he needed more space and asked that they not see each other any more. She then reported trying to get him back and calling him up to 20 times a day. He asked for a restraining order and phoned the dentist’s office asking for a referral to another dentist—he no longer felt comfortable coming into that office. Violet has had five other restraining orders in the past. Case Two: Max You are completing your graduate work at a local university by participating in an internship at a private mental health clinic. As a part of your internship, you were asked to cofacilitate a group for men and women with relationship difficulties. While cofacilitating the group, you meet Max, who was court ordered to participate as a result of allegations of assault. After a careful review, you find that he has six past charges of assault. Max is an attractive man in his mid-thirties. He is charming with both the males and female in the group. Although it is clear that he does not feel he should be in the group, you find that he adds dimension to it. After some time, Max discloses that he has been involved in multiple sexual relationships and says he â€Å"can get in any woman’s pants.† He also brags that he is smarter than anyone in the group, regardless of the fact that one person has a PhD in

Analysis Of No Child Left Behind - 1368 Words

The No Child Left Behind Act was to be President George W. Bush’s signature legislation coming into Office. After being delayed by the 9/11 Terror attacks, the act received wide bipartisan support and was passed into law. Its purpose was to â€Å"close the achievement gap with accountability, flexibility, and choice, so that no child (was) left behind† (One Hundred Seventh Congress of the United States of America 2008). In addition, â€Å"No Child Left Behind (aimed to continue) the legacy of the Brown v. Board decision by creating an education system that (was) more inclusive, responsive, and fair† (A Guide to Education and No Child Left Behind-- Pg 13 2007). Essentially, they were aiming to improve education with a problem definition amounting†¦show more content†¦This is completely counter to how the federal government has traditionally left education in the hands of the state and local governments. Another way that Bush could have defined the educati on problem is that, â€Å"compared to the rest of the world, the United States is falling behind in education rankings.† Just before NCLB was put into place, â€Å"Test scores (earned by American students in a 1998 international study were) much worse than the marks that American elementary and middle school students†¦earned on similar international exams in the past two years† (Sanchez 1998). America had a less homogenous society in terms of wealth, language, and socioeconomic background compared to many of the top performers like Finland and Japan (A Profile of Student Performance in Mathematics 2004). This explains the emphasis on closing the gap rather than catching up to other countries. Many alternatives were considered when NCLB was being fine-tuned. 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College Comp Free Essays

What did you learn about yourself as a writer? As a thinker? This term I learned as a writer, that I have to break the writer’s block but Just free writing and getting all my ideas out there and going back to edit my work. As a thinker I learned how to think and us correct punctuation and to also think about what I am writing and does it make sense. This course has been very beneficial to me, and I will continue to use the skills I have retained throughout my college/professional career. We will write a custom essay sample on College Comp or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2)What did you learn about the process of writing? I learned that the process of writing is a Journey. You have to want to embark on the journey to accomplish it and complete the task at hand. Writing a good paper is more than Just throwing words on paper, it critically thinking and executing the process of writing 3)What skills did you develop that might help you in the future? One of the most important skills I have learned is outlining. This has helped me this term to complete my final project. I will use this in future writing classes and in my career when writing. 4)What did you take from the larger conversation with others? I learned for the conversation with my classmates how to give constructive criticism as well take the criticism and make the corrections and ensure the end result is great. 5)How did your feedback from peers and your instructor affect the revision of your blueprint, letter to the editor, and presentation? The feedback that I received from my class mated and professor were so helpful in my Journey through this course. They helped me take out UN-useful text, and gave me ideas of where to add text to give my final project the girth it needs to hold my audience’s attention. How to cite College Comp, Papers

Professional Skills For Information And Communication Technology- Arti

Question: Discuss about the Professional Skills For Information And Communication Technology- Artificial Intelligence In Healthcare. Answer: Introduction Artificial intelligence defines the usage of the computer system that able the performance of the tasks that are generally needs Human Intelligence. Human intelligence includes functionalities like visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making and languages translation. Artificial intelligence may stimulate the human decision-making process. AI relies over human training and does not replace human intelligence (Karam 2014). The report is based on the project preparing an investigation on the requirement of the selected Healthcare organization Australian Medical Association on the aspect of developing its IT infrastructure. Thus, usage of AI increases the feasibility of expansion in business of this healthcare organization within the next five year. The Secretary General (CEO) of the software organization thus may conduct preliminary research and present. The CEO has the responsibility of daily basis management of the organization and report accordingly. The Australian Medica l Association (AMA) represents the most influenced organizational partnership for the registered medical practitioners as well as medical students of Australia (Zang et al. 2015). AMA helps the patients by improving the care by supporting the medical professions by huge options of services. But this services is provided keeping in mind the AMA Code of Ethics that represents the core of fundamental principles. The objective of this report is to identify the advances in intelligent computing or AI impact over healthcare organizations by providing retails, transport, financial services, operating equipments and many other things. Comparing the technological approaches used in Artificial Intelligence and thus addressing the issues relating to the development of AI in Healthcare. To conduct the investigation, primary and secondary approach has been used and thus how the information has been gathered. The report has been divided into two parts, in the first part general discussion of Artificial intelligence, revolution and implementation of AI oriented development has been proposed by some conversational idea for the betterment of organization. And in the second part critical analysis of the proposed advancement of AI in the organization is displayed. Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence as stated by John McCarthy, The science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs, refers the possibility of turning a software think intelligently equivalent to human thinking (Acampora et al. 2013). The main aim of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is to create systems that can exhibit similar human behavior and meet decision-making advancement. The use of algorithms that find patterns in data without explicit instruction. A system might learn how to associate features of inputs such as images with outputs such as labels. Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare As in the above discussion it has been clarified that AI the use of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally requires human intelligence like visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making and translation between languages (Ashrafian, Darzi and Athanasiou 2015). However, Artificial Intelligence helps in simulation of human decision-making but relies over training of the human intelligence. Other than structured data, numbers, facts AI is programmed to understand the natural language as well. Thus, AI technology is trained to make some logical decisions over time (Wong and Bressler 2016). Artificial intelligence provides rapid advancement technology in Healthcare and provides a lot more rich and relevant information to the customers and HCPs with on-demanding confidence to medical and clinical assessments. Artificial Intelligence has greatly advanced in the past few years especially in the healthcare professional (HCP) and patient communications (Jha and Topol 2016 ). Availability of Artificial Intelligence has grown to an extent that it not only helps in curing the disease but also supports personality profiles beyond the diseases. AI is taking a huge impact in advancing the management of all kind of organization especially Healthcare organizations. A software company attempts to solve the diverse healthcare challenge in Australian Medical Association (AMA) for the improvement of diagnosis outcome engaging the medical research (Ziuzia?ski, Furmankiewicz and So?tysik-Piorunkiewicz 2014). The healthcare organization in Australia is emerging toward the development of the markets. AI is spreading a huge opportunity for optimization care delivery, outcomes and costs by utilizing cognitive computing. Revolution of Artificial Intelligence In last 5 years, there has been a huge impact of AI in this world. There has been a quantum leap in the quality and reliability of a wide range of the daily technological aspect. In healthcare organization there are several complex and vital activities that includes making of the medical diagnoses, predicting the machines that may fail to reach certain market value in the Healthcare organizations, includes a lot of data sets and non-linear relationship within the entities (Dilsizian and Siegel 2014). These complex prediction, feature specification and data optimization are promised to deliver by the modern Artificial Intelligence. In HCPs there are requirement of advance in image recognition. There are advanced image recognition that has been displayed far beyond expectation. There are availability of medical startups that can utilize X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans. These technologies are more rapidly used and displays accurate radiologists (Furmankiewicz, So?tysik-Piorunkiewicz and Ziuz ia?ski 2014). There are several types of AI applications that are beyond quantum-computing conundrum are generally called the Artificial Intelligence system(Bennett and Hauser 2013). These are merely known as the advanced machine learning software that has extensive behavioral algorithms, which can adapt any situation. These machine are improving their skills and thus are not only getting smarter in the existential sense (Russell 2015). These can carry large data sets such that to store enough information in large organizations. Some examples of AI that are used vigorously now-a-day are: Apple Siri, Alexa, Tesla, Pandora, Cogito, Boxever, Amazon.com and many more (Hengstler, Enkel and Duelli 2016). In Healthcare organization AI is generally used for the data storage, analyze complex medical data, diagnosis processes, treatment protocol development, drug development, personalized medicine and patient monitoring and care, among others and human behavioral algorithm. Cortana and Siri have enormous po wer system with AI capabilities (Luxton 2014). There is a great potential for the applications for providing huge value when combined with healthcare applications (Vasant 2015). Healthcare applications are used to patient education material, deliver medication alerts and human-like interactions to understand a patient's current mental state. In the form of a personal assistant can have an incredible impact on the application of AI for monitoring and assisting patients with some of the requirements in the unavailability of clinical personnel (Michie et al. 2017). Some of the outcomes relating to healthcare in different parts of the world that manages medical records and other data, participating in repetitive jobs like test, CT scan, treatment designing, digitalize consultation, Virtual nurses, Medication management and several other aspects of healthcare organizations (Helbing et al. 2017). AI Developments in Healthcare Industry The applications that are related to the better outcome of any health care industry represent the most important AI development that are necessarily to be implemented to the Healthcare Industry. AI capabilities and mobile apps, patients can receive feedback on a number of data elements captured on their phone or wearable devices. Whether it relates to medication adherence or is simply a motivational voice that encourages fitness activities and healthy habits, AI as a personal life coach creates a customized experience for each individual patient and offers proactive alerts, which could be sent back to physicians. Application of Artificial Intelligence Most of the organizations has been disrupted by the influx of several new technologies in the age of information (Kreps and Neuhauser 2013). In the case of automation, healthcare plays a similar role. In fact the machine learning Artificial Intelligence (AI) the doctors, hospitals, organizations, insurance companies also ties to impact in a more positive way. These companies also searches for a substantial way for the betterment of their associated organizations (Furmankiewicz, So?tysik-Piorunkiewicz and Ziuzia?ski 2014). Some of the commonly used applications that helps in the advancement in any health care organization having IT infrastructure: Treatment Design: AI system has been developed and implemented in analyzing the data, take note and report the details of patients, external researches of the organization, and many more. Thus, helps in selecting customized treatment for each individual. Virtual Nurses: Digitalized nurses are set up that helps in maintain the regular check up of the patients with monitoring the conditions and follow up with treatment within intervals. There are similar kind of management in healthcare organization like: Managing Medical, Records and Other Data, Doing Repetitive Jobs, Digital Consultation, Drug Creation, Medication Management, Health Monitoring, Precision Medicine and Healthcare System Analysis In the revolution of this Artificial Intelligence across science and economy, researchers are unleashing artificial intelligence (AI) more often. This is done in the form of neutral network over data torrent. In earlier days deep learning system had to be done for the programmers to expertise in the field of AI, no AI does not requires to be programmed with human experts knowledge. AI has growth so advanced within last few years that now they can learn on their own, and this has been made possible from collection of large training data sets. The pattern and spot anomalies in data sets could be understood only by AI and is hard for the human being to understand and cope up. Application Proposal in Australian Medical Association As per the recommendation by CEO to the healthcare organization of Australian Medical Association, there need three main application requirements: Healthcare System Analysis, Medication Management and Creation of drugs. Almost 97% of healthcare invoices are digital. An organization can use AI to check through the data for pin pointing the mistakes in treatments, inefficiency in workflow and helps healthcare system areas to avoid unnecessary patient hospitalizations (Bennett and Hauser 2013). In this way, a sample of the AI solution may offer to the healthcare organization of Australian Medical Association. The capabilities of automation and digital workforces the innovation will be pushed from providers solutions to save time, lower costs, and increase accuracy will be possible (Russell 2015). The AiCure application can be included in IT infrastructure to monitor the that could be used for medication by a patient can be utilized by the organization of healthcare in Australia (Russell 2015). A webcam is paired up with a smart phone having AI infrastructure to autonomously confirm that patients are taking their prescriptions and helps them manage their condition. Most common users could be people with serious medical conditions, patients who may tend to go against the advice of the doctors and other participants in clinical trials (Bennett and Hauser 2013). And the last one is by Creating drugs that are necessary for the organization. Developing pharmaceuticals through clinical trials, which can takes more time and cost a lot more. This may make the process of curing much faster and cheaper since customized medicines could change the aspect of the Healthcare organizations (Jones 2015). Potential Advantages and Disadvantages of the proposals Some of the potential advantages of the proposal is that Modern health information systems facilitates the improvements in many ways like Faster diagnoses, Fewer malpractice claims, Improved care coordination, Prompt treatment Reduced errors (Luxton 2014). The combination of benefits facilitates the collaboration within the providers and the patients that results in effective case managements in the organization and healthcare industry, which in turn, can reduce the cost and helps to take care of the providers by making some meaningful use of the massive amounts of data provided. Despite of the advantages there are several disadvantages as well the availability of evidence and confirms in improvement of population in health outcomes and equity. Making much accurate utilization of the services provided. Keeping user satisfaction in mind and lowering the costs in health systems with a stronger orientation in primary care. The experts range from lawyers to engineers, who gather to discuss current and emerging legal, social, and ethical issues from robotics and artificial intelligence. Day one consisted of six panels that focused on technical and theoretical issues with robots and AI. The five panel discussions on day two focused on the regulatory challenges, as well as some solutions. Proposed Strategy Ethical, Social and Legal Considerations With more powerful, technology becomes more difficult for it could be used for useful reasons and betterment for the future. This applies not only to robots produced to replace human soldiers, or autonomous weapons, but also to AI systems that can cause damage if used maliciously. Because these fights will not be fought on the battleground only, cyber security will become even more important. After all, people are dealing with a system that is faster and more capable than us by orders of magnitude (Bennett and Hauser 2013). Though artificial intelligence is capable of a speed and capacity of processing that is far beyond that of humans, it cannot always be trusted to be fair and neutral. (Norris 2017). Intelligence comes from learning, whether youre human or machine. Systems usually have a training phase in which they "learn" to detect the right patterns and act according to their input. Once a system is fully trained, it can then go into test phase, where it is hit with more examples and we see how it performs (Acampora et al. 2013). Artificially intelligent helps in making the human conversation and relationships better. Economic system are based on contribution to the economic compensation. The majority of companies are still dependent on hourly wages work when it comes to production and services. However, by using artificial intelligence, a company can drastically change and thus relying on the human workforce will make task easier meaning that the revenue will ultimately go to fewer people. Conclusion The outline of the project has the impact on the development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems by exploring the impact of Artificial Intelligence in Health care organization. As the selected organization is Australian Medical Association. Where there is a requirement a change in the IT infrastructure and include some AI equipments for the betterment of patients and development of the organization. Artificial intelligence has been designed and studied about computer program that reacts to a wide variety of situations very flexibly and intelligently. It has a growing influence over modern computers related technologies and thus assures most of the complicated tasks possible. The development of new hardware and techniques is fueling ongoing movements to build Artificial Intelligence that can understand and thinks in a cognitive way. However, the potential advantages of such systems are yet unknown to all, and equally unknown are the potential technological developing the intellige nt machinery. Exploring the basic impact of the AI system on society and proposing a plan keeping in mind the enhancement of ethical and professional role for the artificial intelligence developers. Spreading an emphasis over the interpersonal communication of the organization with its patients, employee and customers and thus spreading the impact awareness amongst all. There are many useful aspect of Artificial intelligence in most of the domains, and are still willing for constant growth in the IT oriented industries. The initial step is to program the automated reasoning in Artificial intelligence. Thus, doing this the Automated reasoning can compute and take some of the encoded knowledge as input and hence provide proper conclusion on the basis of knowledge as their output. Recommendation There are four simple steps to implementing Artificial Intelligence in clinical organizations: Remote patient monitoring, Connectivity, Training AI and Comprehensive business model Recommendation 1: The improvement of AI must be inclined towards more specific approach other than generic. Implementing AI in remote patient monitoring (RPM) systems is the first step. When medical-grade wearable devices can provide real-time, clinically accurate data they have the potential to improve health outcomes through coaching and feedback. Recommendation 2: The control over the applications of AI in the Healthcare organization must be robust and technically supportive. The two main considerations in maintaining constant connectivity are security and data offloading. Security concerns can be offset by instituting Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) and external networks. Data collection and aggregation are AIs greatest needs, but requires constant, secure connectivity Recommendation 3: The usage of AI in the industry must have properly trained staffs to control the AI according to the requirements. AI could help improve health outcomes through its ability to expediently aggregate, cross-reference, and learn from data to determine its correlation to patient objectives. To improve health outcomes, AIs advanced machine learning algorithms require significant training periods to analyze large datasets specific to chronic medical conditions. References Karam, A., 2014. Artificial Intelligence in Health Care. Zang, Y., Zhang, F., Di, C.A. and Zhu, D., 2015. Advances of flexible pressure sensors toward artificial intelligence and health care applications.Materials Horizons,2(2), pp.140-156. Acampora, G., Cook, D.J., Rashidi, P. and Vasilakos, A.V., 2013. A survey on ambient intelligence in healthcare.Proceedings of the IEEE,101(12), pp.2470-2494. Ashrafian, H., Darzi, A. and Athanasiou, T., 2015. A novel modification of the Turing test for artificial intelligence and robotics in healthcare.The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery,11(1), pp.38-43. Wong, T.Y. and Bressler, N.M., 2016. Artificial intelligence with deep learning technology looks into diabetic retinopathy screening.JAMA,316(22), pp.2366-2367. Jha, S. and Topol, E.J., 2016. Adapting to artificial intelligence: radiologists and pathologists as information specialists.JAMA,316(22), pp.2353-2354. Ziuzia?ski, P., Furmankiewicz, M. and So?tysik-Piorunkiewicz, A., 2014. E-health artificial intelligence system implementation: case study of knowledge management dashboard of epidemiological data in Poland.International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering,8, pp.164-171. Dilsizian, S.E. and Siegel, E.L., 2014. Artificial intelligence in medicine and cardiac imaging: harnessing big data and advanced computing to provide personalized medical diagnosis and treatment.Current cardiology reports,16(1), p.441. Furmankiewicz, M., So?tysik-Piorunkiewicz, A. and Ziuzia?ski, P., 2014. Artificial intelligence systems for knowledge management in e-health: the study of intelligent software agents.Latest Trends on Systems,2, pp.551-556. Bennett, C.C. and Hauser, K., 2013. Artificial intelligence framework for simulating clinical decision-making: A Markov decision process approach.Artificial intelligence in medicine,57(1), pp.9-19. Russell, S., 2015. Ethics of artificial intelligence.Nature,521(7553), pp.415-416. Luxton, D.D., 2014. Artificial intelligence in psychological practice: Current and future applications and implications.Professional Psychology: Research and Practice,45(5), p.332. Hengstler, M., Enkel, E. and Duelli, S., 2016. Applied artificial intelligence and trustThe case of autonomous vehicles and medical assistance devices.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,105, pp.105-120. Vasant, P., 2015.Handbook of Research on Artificial Intelligence Techniques and Algorithms, 2 Volumes. Information Science Reference-Imprint of: IGI Publishing. Michie, S., Thomas, J., Johnston, M., Mac Aonghusa, P., Shawe-Taylor, J., Kelly, M.P., Deleris, L.A., Finnerty, A.N., Marques, M.M., Norris, E. and OMara-Eves, A., 2017. The Human Behaviour-Change Project: harnessing the power of artificial intelligence and machine learning for evidence synthesis and interpretation.Implementation Science,12(1), p.121. Helbing, D., Frey, B.S., Gigerenzer, G., Hafen, E., Hagner, M., Hofstetter, Y., van den Hoven, J., Zicari, R.V. and Zwitter, A., 2017. Will Democracy Survive Big Data and Artificial Intelligence.Scientific American. Feb,25. Furmankiewicz, M., So?tysik-Piorunkiewicz, A. and Ziuzia?ski, P., 2014. Artificial Intelligence and Multi-agent software for e-health Knowledge Management System.Informatyka Ekonomiczna,2, p.32. Kreps, G.L. and Neuhauser, L., 2013. Artificial intelligence and immediacy: designing health communication to personally engage consumers and providers.Patient education and counseling,92(2), pp.205-210. Oliveira, T., Novais, P. and Neves, J., 2014. Development and implementation of clinical guidelines: An artificial intelligence perspective.Artificial intelligence review,42(4), pp.999-1027. Jones, M.T., 2015.Artificial Intelligence: A Systems Approach: A Systems Approach. Jones Bartlett Learning. Bennett, C.C. and Hauser, K., 2013. Artificial intelligence framework for simulating clinical decision-making: A Markov decision process approach.Artificial intelligence in medicine,57(1), pp.9-19. Norris, D.J., 2017. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. InBeginning Artificial Intelligence with the Raspberry Pi(pp. 1-15). Apress.

Environmental factors effecting motor skill development Essay Example

Environmental factors effecting motor skill development Paper Environmental factors effecting motor skill development Child development is defined as to how a child abeles itself to complete more difficult tasks as they grow in age. Development is often confused with growth, which refers to a childs tendency to grow bigger in size. Parents can become concerned easily when a childs developmental skills take longer then the normal or when pressures of milestones are not satisfied on time. Developmental milestones are functioning tasks or skills that should occur at specific ages. Observing what specific environmental factors influence the placement of motor skills in the infant and toddler stages and how that compares to my findings of the children I personally documented, is what will be discussed. I searched for other scholars who have current information and academic research of similar topics finding information that was both, similar as to my own research concluding a main point that the environment of these children have an effect on how they will learn. A common topic that has been analyzed in these journals is Gross motor skill development It is a specific factor that plays a crucial role in the childs overall development and of course embodied with the environment in which the child is confined to has a profound effect to the development of these motor skills (Newton 2008) . The aim of this study was focusing on the two main environmental factors affecting children motor development. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental factors effecting motor skill development specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental factors effecting motor skill development specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental factors effecting motor skill development specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Looking over the articles it reveals that there are many particular factors within the family details such as socioeconomic status, mothers educational level, relationships with family and the existence of siblings can also affect a childs motor ability, Preschools also have became an influential part of development for all children but also an be a detriment to a childs development by not attending due to the simple fact that nowadays large amounts of time children spend at them so by not having a child go through life with preschool would set them back as far as motor development goes. The social-cultural background where a child is brought up from, creates specific demands for his/her motor behavior. This thought can go with the fact that movement programs are very important for the development as well, such as physical education, especially if the social- cultural environment that the child is in does not require them to be very active. If the child is not pushed or has no motivation to do these obstacles, that are often taken for granted, then can cause a long term even life altering issue down the road. These are all the social norms nowadays with children. It is becoming incredibly competitive to get into colleges and other type of educational programs and it all starts from these crucial infant years where all these environmental factors that the family contributes too have a say in what a child will be like as it develops. Many of these environments are expected and often not over looked or analyzed by parents due to the reason hat the child is so young that these things don t have an impact on them yet. That is false, the first five years of a childs life are the most important in developing these motor skills for the rest of their life, and that is a fact that is not looked at close enough by parents. This is a huge developmental problem that has been happening for ever and now that there is studies and documentation proving that this here is correct, it needs to be and is being put into action. All of the environmental factors have some way played a role in the children I observed lives but because of the limited length of paper I ill discuss the two most obvious influences. This purpose of this paper is to document the environment that infants and toddlers are in and describe how these environmental factors have affected them. To begin observed a toddler and an infant but both of the same family. The two children are different ages but similar environments and upbringings. I observed the children in there home environment looking at the situation as a Mother-child interaction first then I observed the sibling vs. sibling interactions that the children tended to take a like too. Intended to allow the children on and off for two weeks at different locations and got the opportunity to observe the toddler and infant in both of these settings. At each observation site I sat with a notepad and jotted down how they interacted under these three circumstances and noted of the surroundings environments each time I observed. At the end I had a lot of notes and information to choose from, but the way that I chose what information to use was by organizing my notes i nto my three main cases then divided them into infant and toddler. All the situations that most frequently happened for each hill I used as conclusive information and discarded the minor details. The majority of the two weeks of observing the infant under these two cases my evidence appeared to be quite on point with other researchers studies. To begin, the mother-infant relationship (parent-child). Wilting my study I found when playing with each other the infant was much more responsive to this one on one play then a group of people. What noticed was the child did not do as much looking and observing like statistics show or as he did in the other cases. Even out of fifteen times the mother demonstrated what I wanted the infant to do, that involved a motor skill, most of the time picking up a block or a toy car, the child attempted the action after watching the mother demonstrate. What I noticed of those fifteen times all seven of the successful tries were because it was right in front of him. If it was far away he would try with a different object that was closest to him and wouldnt even notice that he was using a different toy. As for the toddler he paved much closer attention but on the contrary of his fifteen attempts he actually cared that he used the same exact object as his mom. For him used a test involving whoring of a ball. His mother WOUld throw the ball using different styles such as over the head, ;o hand, one had, and under arm. Eight of the fifteen attempts the toddler successfully mimicked the motor skill of which hand to use and the style in which the mom threw it, which was very surprising in this case for the reason that this usually does not develop until five or six years of age. The next case I observed was the sibling vs. sibling. Typically we think of the mother to be seen as the leader to specific child development. However, when the child has siblings the situation becomes much more influenced. Circled 1975). A childs position in the family or sex even of the sibling has a huge influence on the interactions they have. The environment used was once again the home setting but the family has there own jungle gym outside in the backyard. Seed this play set to see if these sibling influences can play a role in development of specific skills . Studies have shown that, irrespective of the age difference among the children of the family, the elder siblings lead the younger behavior (Circled 1975) and those in turn imitate elders movements (abbreviation et al. 979: Lamb 1978). As continued my research outside I watched and studied how they were interacting. The younger infant, surprisingly can walk at his age of sixteen months old. There was a set of stairs that the toddler Was walking up to get to the top Of the gym and eventually slide down the slide to only continue the process over and over again. The infant continued to watch and observe for about fifteen minutes with no signs of him motivated to make a move or give it a try. To our surprise the infant began pointing and mumbling as if he wanted to make an attempt. He was brought over to the play set, climbing up the steps and eventually we got him to go down the slide. He held his hands on the railings same position as where she did as if he was copying her techniques exact and the influence of his big sister took effect. This whole process took about twenty- twenty five minutes but once he tried it one time, the infant, like his toddler sister continued to doing the routine using similar if not the same route. All in all he was hesitant, the infant waited, studied, and then slowly analyzed the process as he did it for his first time, and then continued to go n with the process as his big sister had been. The infant and the toddler both have demonstrated there developing gross motor skills. These skills are coordinated with many other parts of the body such as the legs and arms and the ability to notice what one is doing and mimic the other is all part of the development of the these physical abilities of large body movements.

Reflection on the History Systems of Psychology Essay Essays

Reflection on the History Systems of Psychology Essay Essays Reflection on the History Systems of Psychology Essay Essay Reflection on the History Systems of Psychology Essay Essay Pre-modern. modern and postmodern frames of mention have all helped form of import. modern-day psychological theories and issues. In this paper I will try. in a brooding mode. to walk through and revisit the countries we covered in class. the terminal purpose being to derive a step of penetration into where the field of psychological science bases today. peculiarly with respect to oppressive signifiers of ethnocentric monoculturalism. In footings of pre-modern positions. in the class we foremost discussed historical issues refering the mind-body job. I stated the nature of the relationship between organic structure and head and whether they are one and the same or two distinguishable substances. which is the centre of the argument between monists and dualist. Descartes. the most good known dualist. argued for a separation of head from psyche and organic structure. Besides an interactionist. Descartes held the head influenced the organic structure every bit much as the organic structure impacted the head ( Goodwin. 2009 ) . Plato. his predecessor from antiquity. was besides a dualist and an interactionist arguably. and believed the organic structure and soul/mind were temporarily at one during life ; each came from a wholly different topographic point. the organic structure from the material universe and the psyche from the universe of thoughts. At the minute of decease. the organic structure withered off in clip a nd infinite. the psyche or head returning to the universe of signifiers and there recognizing cosmopolitan truths ( Wozniak. 1992 ) . Diging deeper into pre-modern positions of the mind-body job I touched upon Spinoza. Spinoza. a modern-day of Descartes. dismissed Descartes’ two-substance position in favour of what is called double-aspect theory ( Wozniak. 1992 ) . Double-aspect theories hold the position that the mental and the physical kingdoms are changing facets of the same substance. For Spinoza. that individual substance is God. perceived as the cosmopolitan kernel or nature of everything in being. In Spinoza’s position. there is no divider of head and organic structure. hence. Alternatively they are of a individual substance. in a pre-established coordination. reflecting the Godhead kernel. In contemplation. I continue to side with Spinoza and double-aspect theory in footings of pre-modern positions. I do believe that there is a pre-established coordination between head and organic structure that is brooding of the godly creative activity. â€Å"I am hence I think† is my continued respon se to Descartes. In footings of modern positions in the class we examined the beginnings of psychological science as a capable subject. During the class I stated that psychological science foremost appeared as a capable subject in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt started a psychological science lab in Germany at the University of Leipzig. The research lab devoted itself to the analysis of witting thought in its basic elements and constructions. which was uncovered through a procedure of self-contemplation ( Gross. 1996 ) . What differentiated this ‘new psychology’ at the clip from doctrine was its usage of measuring and control every bit good as its accent on the scientific method to analyze mental procedures relevant to human consciousness. Due to his influence on Edward B. Titchener. Wundt’s frame of mention arguably helped give birth to structural linguistics. Indeed Wundt’s adherent. Titchener. is credited with developing and labeling structural linguistics in an 1898 paper called â€Å"The Postulates of a Structural Psychology ( Goodwin. 2009 ) . In the paper he compared and contrasted structural linguistics with functionalism. which he claimed infested most US universities. salvage Cornell where he was cultivating what would come to be called the â€Å"the Cornell school of psychological science. † Notwithstanding. Goodwin ( 2009 ) has stated that Titchener and the Cornell position of psychological science was highly narrow mostly because of its insisting on self-contemplation and due to Titchener’s attitude that his manner was the lone manner. a place that frequently does non portend good in academe. In this vena and possibly arrogantly so. Titchener. likened structural linguistics to anatomy. its purpose being analysis he surmised - whereas functionalism he likened to physiology. saying that functionalists exami ne how the head is able to accommodate one to his or her said environment. which to Titchener was a waste of clip without a deep apprehension of construction. As one needs to cognize the Immigration and Naturalization Services and outs of human anatomy before being able to to the full dig into physiology. so therefore was the functionalist at a loss. in his position. without the ability to sketch the constructions of human consciousness via a extremely hard procedure of systematic. experimental self-contemplation as stipulated by him in about cult like exclusivity. which spawned unfavorable judgment. Consequently. his motion neer gained the impulse it needed to win American Black Marias and heads. falling into the ashcan of history in favour of functionalism. Nevertheless. in malice of Titchener’s unpopularity in the US. his digesting part is that he helped make a topographic point for the lab and experimental psychological science in all colleges and universities with plans in psychological science. While functionalists were besides interested in looking at mental procedures such as consciousness in so far as measuring human behaviour in footings of how it aided people in accommodating to ever-changing environments. they did non. unlike followings of Titchener. stress self-contemplation ( Goodwin. 2009 ) . Psychologist James R. Angell. a follower of John Dewey. the laminitis of functionalism in America. became its most vocal interpreter. knocking Titchener and pulling a crisp contrast to him in a 1907 popular paper called â€Å"The Province of Functional Psychology. † It was a damnatory response to Titchener’s 1898 paper. For Angell. the structuralist was interested in the â€Å"what? † of witting idea. whereas the functionalist psychologist wished to cognize the â€Å"how? † and â€Å"why? † of it. inquiring what is consciousness for? ( Goodwin. 2009 ) . This manner of sing psychological science in footings of its practical applications. became an of import influence in modern times. because it led to the survey of subjects such as developmental and unnatural psychological science. in add-on to analyzing the single differences of head. ( which Titchener and the Cornell school unusually had no involvement in ) . When inquiring how psychological science can be used to work out mundane jobs in a practical manner. we are taking from the functionalists and their motion. Possibly the most outstanding motion in the field of modern twentieth century psychological science was behaviourism. Behaviorism began basically due to the work of Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov who did non see himself a psychologist. but. instead a physiologist interested in the procedure of digestion in Canis familiariss. was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1904 ( the twelvemonth B. F. Skinner was born ) in Physiology and Medicine. In the class of his research. Pavlov observed that the Canis familiariss would frequently get down salivating before any nutrient being given to them. when they would see the nutrient or the food’s container. or when they heard the footfalls of the lab helper who was on his manner to feed them. His observations led to the survey to what we now call classical conditioning ( Gross. 1996 ) . The first effort to use Pavlov’s findings on conditioning to worlds was made by John B. Watson in a doubtful and arguably unethical experiment on a little male child named Albert. demoing that the fright of rats can be intentionally induced ( Watson and Rayer. 1920 ) . The experiment served to popularise a new behavioural attack to psychological science that would within a decennary become the dominant force in America. Watson its laminitis. propagator and publicizer ( Goodwin. 2008 ) . To the modernist Watson ( 1913 ) . psychological science is an nonsubjective natural scientific discipline. its theoretical end the anticipation and control of behaviour. Wundt and Titchener’s position on self-contemplation has no topographic point in its methods. nor is consciousness addressed or studied. There is no pronounced boundary line between people and animate beings. Due to Watson’s input and influence cats. Canis familiariss. rats. and pigeons became the major beginning of psychological informations. As ‘psychological’ now meant ‘behavior’ instead than ‘consciousness. ’ animate beings that were easier to analyze and whose environments could be more readily controlled could replace people as experimental topics ( Gross. 1966 ) . B. F. Skinner. besides a behaviourist and modernist. went stairss further than Pavlov and Watson. projecting behaviour in a more synergistic visible radiation. He made a differentiation between respondent and operant behaviour and argued that most carnal and human behaviour is non brought approximately in the manner Pavlov and Watson indicated and surmised. Skinner. like Edward Thorndike before him. was interested in how animate beings operate on their environment and how this operant behaviour brings about peculiar effects that can find the likeliness of that behaviour being repeated. In experiments he used a fluctuation of Thordike’s puzzle-box. a Skinner box. which was made for a rat or a pigeon to make things in. instead than flight from. Fundamentally. Skinner saw the scholar as much more actively involved than did Pavlov or Watson. for whom behaviour was due to stimuli. innate stimulation before acquisition and conditioned stimulations after larning. In add-on to behaviourism. modern positions of psychological science took turns and bends. As a reaction to both Titchener’s structural linguistics and Watson’s behaviourism. the Gestalt psychologists of the 1920s and 1930s in Germany and Austria were chiefly concerned with perceptual experience and held that perceptual experiences could non be deconstructed in the manner that Wundt and Titchener wanted to make with idea. and that behaviourists had sought for with behaviour. Their belief could be compactly stated as follows: ‘the whole is greater than the amount of its parts’ ( Gross. 1996. p. 3 ) . The whole is basically destroyed when you break down perceptual experience and behaviour into parts. the Gestalt psychologists held. There are forming rules of perceptual organisation which were voiced by Gestalt’s laminitis Max Wertheimer. These rules are often highlighted in units on perceptual experience in general psychological science text editions and are as follows: the rule of propinquity. the rule of similarity. the rule of continuance. All of the forming rules have in common what is called the jurisprudence of simpleness or what Gestaltists term Pragnanz. This refers to the inclination for perceptual experiences to mirror world every bit closely as possible ( Goodwin. 2009 ) . In the class I gave an illustration of gestalt thought. which in contemplation I would wish to return to as it clearly remains in head. I used the illustration of a coach halting at a coach halt in one’s vicinity. On a given twenty-four hours the coach stops at the same corner the individual is accustomed to. and is recognized to be that coach. The individual gets on. but has made a error. She did non recognize that there was a path alteration that forenoon and the coach she took was numbered otherwise. What gives? Is it merely a affair of non paying attending? In Gestalt inspired. top-down conceptually goaded processing. we begin with one’s anterior cognition. motives. outlooks and beliefs. In the coach illustration. the inability to see and decode or register a different figure on the coach and acquire on it. means it was recognized it to be the customary coach due to top-down processing ( Danner. 2009 ) . If one were to detect the different coach figure. nevertheless. that would imply bottom-up processing. because such processing is data driven. The different figure is perceived in footings of information in the centripetal input. in concurrence with top-down processing. uncovering to the individual that it is non the customary coach. Possibly after recognizing her error. the individual in the illustration will be more careful following clip. thereby exerting more bottom-up processing. If Austria was home to some of Gestalt’s most outstanding members and disciples. it was besides place to Sigmund Freud. the male parent of depth psychology. Freudian psychoanalytic theory was the first to province the significance of innate thrusts and specify unnatural and normal behaviour in relationship to the function of the unconscious head. Its importance is that the theory of personality popularized contextualizing human behaviour in footings of the Idaho. self-importance. and superego. notating development in five psychosexual phases. Each phase was marked by displacements in what Freud believed were the underlying manners of satisfaction: unwritten. anal. phallic. latency and genital ( Glassman. 2000 ) . In contemplation. I continue to happen virtue in Freud’s construct of phases for certain. I would still prefer to name them development phases. nevertheless. and non needfully set a sexual significance on them. as Freud and his protagonists have done and go on to make. There is no demand to detail the well-known restrictions and unfavorable judgments of Freudian theory. which harmonizing to Glassman ( 2000 ) are its falsifiability. the great trade of accent put on instance surveies. and its cultural prejudice towards adult females. Regardless of such naysaying. his protagonists would passionately reason for and be inexorable about such a sexual narration of the human individual. which if non fresh fish. surely has amusement value. In fact. Freudian theory is intriguing to me mostly due to the dramatic ( about cinematic ) struggles and challenges that mark each psychosexual phase. Possibly the most well-known of these is the Oedipal struggle ( which occurs in the alleged phalli c phase ) . It was interesting to read that some analysts called the female discrepancy. the Electra struggle. but Freud himself did non utilize the term ( see Freud 1924 ) . Possibly the most attractive modern theory of personality. in my position. would belong to Carl Rogers. In Carl Roger’s theory. a individual is the beginning of his or her basic demands such as nutrient and H2O. He or she is besides the beginning of a growing motivation which he called an actualizing inclination. which is an unconditioned thrust that is brooding of the desire to turn. to develop and to develop one’s capablenesss ( Glassman. 2000 ) . It is the realizing inclination that stimulates creativeness. doing a individual to seek out new challenges and accomplishments that motivate healthy growing in one’s life-time ( Gross. 1996 ) . Harmonizing to Rogers ( 1961. but originally proposed in 1947 ) : Whether one calls it a growing inclination. a drive towards self-actualization. or a frontward traveling way inclination. it is the mainspring in life†¦ It is the impulse which is apparent in all organic and human life – to spread out. extend. go independent. mature and develop. In contemplation. I continue to experience that Roger’s influence and go oning popularity in the psychotherapeutic community give his theories merit. APA members have been asked which psychotherapist they believe to me the most influential figure in the field ( Smith. 1982 ) . In 2006. this study repeated in the Psychotherapy Networker. In both studies. Carl Rogers was the â€Å"landslide† pick. While this does non turn out Rogers to be right. surely it gives his theory of motive more acceptance than non. increasing its credibility. Surely. I feel influenced by Rogers as I move frontward in my calling. While Roger’s theory of an actualizing inclination and the overall nature of the client-centered attack may be controversial due to its allowance to allow the client name the shootings and as stated by Goodwin ( 2009 ) for its overemphasis on the the ego at the disbursal of the importance of the community. in add-on to being clearer what it was against than what it was for. it is however. a believable predication in footings of its application in therapy and remains my penchant over Freud. Consequently. I continue to experience that all clients innately wish to be successful in life and to be praised as subscribers to their ain selfactualization. They wish to spread out their cognition and accomplish higher degrees of success beneath all the pretenses that seem otherwise. When clients are non executing to their fullest potency. congratulations and support can assist light the actualizing inclination in a mode that would otherwise hold remained hibernating. When researching postmodern positions of psychological science we have to inherently talk about cultural narrations and meta-narratives. What is psychological science today and who defines it? What is psychology’s narrative. who told that narrative historically. and who gets to state it today? When we look at psychological science as a pattern. historically and today. is of import to convey to the bow the ethnocentric monocultural facets that were oppressive to adult females and go on to be to minority groups in reenforcing white male Euro-American civilization as the normative and desirable civilization. Indeed. healers and assisting professionals should seek to assist deconstruct and unveil monoculturalism whenever it rears its ugly caput. When oppressive signifiers such as heterosexism. agism. gender and sexism come to the bow in therapy. for illustration. healers should non reenforce them but seek to promote contemplation on such biass with the purpose being for the client to indentify for what it is – and to turn consequently. The field of psychological science itself is non immune but remains at hazard to the fiasco of monoculturalism. Harmonizing to Yutrzenka. Todd-Bazemore and Caraway ( 1999 ) even though the informations prognosis that by 2050. cultural minorities will do up over 50 % of the US population. this rapidly altering demographic has minimum consequence on the figure of cultural minority psychologists. This is peculiarly true for Native Americans. who are far more underrepresented than any other cultural organic structure. Though the APA as stated by Goodwin ( 2009 ) . is smartly turn toing this full issue at present. with such attempts to be praised. still the bequest of ethnocentric monoculturalism is a discoloration on the profession. and will stay so until important Numberss of minority psychologists abound. In malice of the barriers facing them. adult females and minorities have made many noteworthy. valuable and critical parts to the field of psychological science. During the class I discussed Eleanor Gibson who received the National Medal of Science in 1992 for a life-time of research on subjects covering with the development of deepness perceptual experience to the basicss involved in reading. faced favoritism while at Yale from psychologist Robert Yerkes who wanted no females in his lab ( Goodwin. 2009 ) . While she was able to acquire her PhD there under the counsel of the neobehaviorist Clark Hull. she unluckily went on to see troubles at Cornell ( where her hubby had gained a place ) forced into an unpaid research associate place in malice of winning competitory and esteemed research grants. As a consequence of these grants. nevertheless. she was able to transport out open uping surveies on depth perceptual experience with Richard Walk. When Cornell. place to Titchener’s bequest. removed its nepotism regulations in 1966. merely so did she go a full professor. Furthermore. as discussed in the class. African americans have besides made outstanding parts to psychology. Kenneth and Mamie Phipps Clark once more come to mind in footings of their best known research titled Racial designation and penchant in Negro kids ( Goodwin. 2009 ) . In this research it was shown that black kids showed a penchant for white dolls over black 1s when asked which they would wish to play with and looked more like. The Clarks concluded. harmonizing to Goodwin ( 2009 ) that one insidious consequence of racial segregation was its negative influence on Afro-american self-esteem. As a consequence of this research. in portion. the Supreme Court was compelled to make the right thing and change by reversal the racialist separate but equal philosophy in Brown v. Board of Education. The Clarks’ part to psychological science and the parts of other AfricanAmericans predating them were non without battle. Their wise man at Howard University. Francis Sumner faced immense obstructions when trying to acquire a alumnus grade and addition employment in academe. African americans have frequently had their basic rational abilities questioned ( Goodwin. 2009 ) . The bequest of white racism and of the field of psychology’s complicity by non taking a firmer base until merely late is without inquiry a important ground why African-Americans remain to a great extent underrepresented in the profession. in malice of the additions made for adult females. 60 per centum of doctors degrees in psychological science are awarded to adult females today. while Native Americans as we discussed and African-Americans continue to be awarded a paltry per centum in bend. Such blue figures have nil to make with intelligence. We know that early intelligence trials were normed on merely Caucasic. middle-class populations and merely late has such prejudices been addressed and possibly abated. This besides was the instance for the MMPI personality trials every bit good. In the instance of the MMPI. many of the original points became dated and harmonizing to Kassin ( 2008 ) . to convey the trial up to the twenty-first century and more postmodern positions. new points were written in. and a more diverse cross-section of the US was sampled. The consequence of that updating is the newer 567-item version called the MMPI-2. In contemplation. my conjecture is that similar progresss have been made or are being considered in IQ testing every bit good ; otherwise we would hold to name into inquiry whether colored IQ trials are valid for minority groups. Consequently. great attention should be taken when explicating trial inquiries every bit good as construing the consequences of test-takers from different cultural groups and urban folks. Basically. it is important that trial shapers be made cognizant of cultural differences when seting together IQ trial inquiries. as recommended for the MMPI ( Church 2001 ) . Exerting cautiousness does non intend minority groups are treated with child baseball mitts. but instead that a lens of apprehension is in topographic point - and that can come approximately as a consequence of the trial shapers and assessors informing themselves. Otherwise an IQ test’s cogency for minority groups is at issue. Pre-modern. modern and postmodern frames of mention have all helped form of import. modern-day psychological theories and issues. Consequently. I have attempted in a brooding mode to revisit the countries of psychology’s history we covered in class. If psychological science as a profession is to go on to turn and develop. it will happen through a similar procedure of contemplation. followed by action. It is of import for psychological science to cognize its beginnings. its history and several narrative. However. in realisation of the deepness of ethnocentric monoculturalism. its leading. peculiarly in the APA. must move on the call to convey about the inclusion of more minorities. Otherwise. the oppressive discoloration of monoculturalism shall abound and go on to deface the profession we hold beloved. Mentions Angell. J. R. ( 1904 ) . Psychology. New York: Holt.Church. A. T. ( 2001 ) . Personality measuring in cross-cultural position. Journal of Personality. 69. 979-1006.Danner. N. ( 2011 ) . Psychology: ORG5001 study of psychological science I. Boston: Pearson Learning Solutions.Freud. S. ( 1924 ) A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis. New York: Washington Square Press ( reprinted 1952 ) .Glassman. W ( Ed. ) . ( 2000 ) Approaches to psychology. Philadelphia: Open University Press. Goodwin. C. J. ( 2009 ) A history of modern psychological science ( 3rd ed. ) . Hoboken. New jersey: Wiley. Gross. R. ( Ed. ) . ( 1996 ) Psychology. the survey of head and behaviour. London: Hodder A ; Stoughton. Kassin. S. . ( 2008 ) . Psychology in Faculties: ORG 5002 Survey of psychological science II. New York: Pearson Custom Publishing.Rogers. C. R. ( 1961 ) On going a individual. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Smith. D. ( 1982 ) Trends in reding and psychological science. American Psychologist. 37. 802–809. Watson. J. B. ( 1913 ) Psychology as the behaviourist views it. Psychological Review. 20. 15877. Watson. J. B. A ; Rayneer. R. ( 1920 ) Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 3. 1-14. Wozniak. R. ( 1992 ) Mind and organic structure: Rene Descartes to William James. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. qcc. cuny. edu/socialsciences/ppecorino/INTRO_TEXT/Chapter % 206 % 20MindBody/DUALISM. htm. Yutrzenka. B. A. . Todd-Bazemore. E. . A ; Caraway. S. J. ( 1999 ) . Four air currents: The development of culturally inclusive clinical psychological science preparation for Native Americans. International Review of Psychiatry. 11. 129- 135. ProQuest: 43479524.

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What Is Employee Engagement Management Essay

What Is Employee Engagement Management Essay In todays global world, in spite of the availability of modern and advance technology the human resource of an organization can not be ignored. It is in fact the talent of the employees that determines the success of an organization. The retention of talent helps organizations to gain competitive edge over rivals. Thus, every organization in 21st century is conscious about the engagement of its employees as it enhances employee performance and plays an important role in the achievement of desirable outcomes as productivity, profitability and turnover. Thus the purpose of writing this paper is to explore the drivers of employee engagement. The study also looks at Gallups employee engagement questionnaire that helps measure the level of employees engagement. What is employee engagement? The term employee engagement needs to be clearly understood by every organization. Some organizations perceive it as job satisfaction others say its the emotional attachment towards the organization. William H. Kahn (1990) defined employee engagement as the harnessing of organization members selves to their work roles; in engagement people employ and express themselves physically, cognitively and emotionally during role performance. Therefore to build an engaged workforce employees must be both emotionally and cognitively involved in job activities. There are a number of external and internal factors that help measure the level of employee engagement. External factors include organization environment; its culture and values, manager-subordinate relationship, relationships with co-workers, monetary benefits and appraisals. Whereas internal factors include the personal values of employee, personality type and commitment to work. Gallups research on employee engagement shows that there is a strong relationship between well being of an employee and the level of their engagement. An engaged employee is efficient an effective for the organizational outcomes. Review of Literature It is the manger who must create an environment for the employees to be both cognitively and emotionally engaged. And self efficacy may positively affect and enhance employee engagement- management effectiveness relationship. (Luthans Peterson, 2002). Research shows a strong relationship between employee engagement and desired outcomes of an organization such as productivity, employee retention, safety and customer service. (Beverly and Philip, 2006). There is considerable difference between job engagement and organization engagement. There several predictors of job engagement and organization engagement and both are related to individual consequences. (Alan, 2006). For a successful business employees should be engaged through effective communication. Therefore an organization should give priority to its human resource so that its employees can stand by in competition. (Nitin Vazirani, 2007). Amanda Ferguson in Employee Engagement; either it exists or if it does exist then how does it relate to performance. According to Amanda there is no proper and consistent definition of employee engagement and it measured the finding of Gallup organization i.e. what ever engagement might be, unfortunately the longer employee stay with an organization less engaged they become. William H. Macey and Benjamin Schneider in the Meaning of Employee Engagement wrote that an organization should establish conditions for the physical, emotional and behavioral employee engagement as it the key to competitive edge. Dr. Ram and Dr. Prabhakar (2011), in The role of Employee Engagement in work related outcomes studied that if an organization manages the engagement of its workforce it will resultantly enhance the motivation of its employees, increase their productivity, and decrease employee turnover rate. He also found that organizations that have an environment of learning and develop its employees have more engaged workforce. The level of employee engagement is determinant of productivi ty, employee motivation and retention. Markos and Sridevi (2010) wrote Employee Engagement; the key to Improving Performance in which they studied employee engagement positively affects the desired outcomes of an organization. Organizations with an engaged workforce can achieve its performance outcomes such as productivity, profitability, growth and customer satisfaction. Employee engagement has direct effect on productivity and growth. If employees are engaged they will try level best to fulfill their job responsibilities which will consequently lead to not only increase in organization productivity but will also enhance the self performance of employee. In the world of globalization only those organizations which have highly engaged workers can survive and grow. (Al-Aamri 2010). If an organization communicates effectively that change is necessary then employees can be engaged in their work, which will help the organization in implementation of its change strategy. (Sonenshien and Dholakia). Mentoring has a strong direct effect on every dimension of employee engagement. For the purpose of mentoring a web-based system should be adopted by an organization as it is the low cost method to monitor and improve the attitudes of employees. (Triple Creek, Employee Engagement research). How employees feel about their job as a direct impact on their work experience and it also effects the organization outcomes such as customer satisfaction, sales and profit. (Bulgarella 2005) Conclusion and Recommendations The term employee engagement is not yet defined properly and its definition is not consistent. Most of the research conducted on employee engagement considers its antecedents and consequences. The main focus of researchers has been the drivers of engagement and disengagement. But an organization can engage its employees only if the employees have the desired attitude. Therefore an organization should train its employees to change their attitudes if they want to properly manage workforce engagement. Further we reviewed the Gallups employee engagement questionnaire which is very much influential in business research as it can be used effectively for the empirical measurement of employee engagement.

Perspective In As For Me And M Essay examples -- essays research paper

Imaginative Center uncut, uncensored: Philip Bentley   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to fully understand a piece of literature and authorial intent, the reader must utilize unconventional methods of perspective. In Sinclair Ross?f, As for me and my House, the use of perspective becomes climacteric in determining a veridical comprehension of the imaginative center of the novel, Philip Bentley. In order to gain the full understanding of Philip Bentley, the reader must dismiss the biased unreliable narrative of Mrs. Bentley. With reference to the methods of perspective, they can be used to fully understand and dismiss the dubious narrative in Philip Bentley?fs relationships, occurrences, and Imagery. It then becomes feasible to appreciate an impartial understanding of Philip Bentley.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The individuals who surround Philip Bentley, assisted in shaping and influencing his character. Initially, Steve was introduced, and this contributed to a number of family problems. These problems lead to the frustration and jealously of Mrs. Bentley towards Philip. ?gTrue to his promise, Philip took Steve to the country with him this afternoon. I could feel that he didn?ft want me along, so at noon I complained of a headache, and stayed home to finish putting in the garden.?h (45) This clearly displays the beginning of Mrs. Bentleys resentment towards Philip, and the relationship that he and Steve share. She desires such a relationship for herself and Philip, only to be faced with the realization that it will never transpire. This hinders the legitimacy of what she sees, as it is now biased; influenced by her resentment. ?gAbout a horse for Steve, then about Steve himself. He likes Steve, and as we talked I saw Philip?fs mouth get a little contentious.?h (85) As her resentment grows, so does her unreliability to present to events clearly as they occurred. Up until Steve left, Mrs. Bentley continued to express her displeasure with the relationship that Philip and Steve remained to share. ?gI played brilliantly, vindictively, determined to let Ph ilip see how easily... I could take the boy away from him?h (Ross, 63). Mrs. Bentley observes that her relationship with Steve is becoming not a companionship, but ?ga conspiracy?h (Ross, 95). After Steve left, Philip began spending a great deal of time with Judith. Philip was using Judith as an esca... ...ing unstable. The wind blows the dust over the house, the dust smothers the house, as Mrs. Bentley smothers Philip. They have no control over the dust, and it becomes clear that Mrs. Bentley also has no control over the dust, and it becomes clear that Mrs. Bentley has no control over Philip. ?gI must keep on reaching out, tying to possess him, trying to make myself matter?h (Ross, 99). She attempts to reach out, Philip sees it as smothering.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By looking at all the aspects, and dismissing Mrs. Bentleys bias, it becomes clear, the true understanding of the imaginative center, Philip Bentley. His role is to keep everyone in the Horizons together, along with Mrs. Bentley. This is palpable through his relationships, occurrences, and imagery. After the unreliable narrative is dismissed, the reader can gain a full understanding and appreciation of the imaginative center. Bibliography Ross, Sinclair. As for Me and My House. Ed. Malcom Ross. McClelland and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stewart Lt. Toronto / Montreal 1941. Stouck, David. Five Decades of Criticism. Ed. David Stouck. University of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Toronto Press. Toronto. 1991. Perspective In As For Me And M Essay examples -- essays research paper Imaginative Center uncut, uncensored: Philip Bentley   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to fully understand a piece of literature and authorial intent, the reader must utilize unconventional methods of perspective. In Sinclair Ross?f, As for me and my House, the use of perspective becomes climacteric in determining a veridical comprehension of the imaginative center of the novel, Philip Bentley. In order to gain the full understanding of Philip Bentley, the reader must dismiss the biased unreliable narrative of Mrs. Bentley. With reference to the methods of perspective, they can be used to fully understand and dismiss the dubious narrative in Philip Bentley?fs relationships, occurrences, and Imagery. It then becomes feasible to appreciate an impartial understanding of Philip Bentley.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The individuals who surround Philip Bentley, assisted in shaping and influencing his character. Initially, Steve was introduced, and this contributed to a number of family problems. These problems lead to the frustration and jealously of Mrs. Bentley towards Philip. ?gTrue to his promise, Philip took Steve to the country with him this afternoon. I could feel that he didn?ft want me along, so at noon I complained of a headache, and stayed home to finish putting in the garden.?h (45) This clearly displays the beginning of Mrs. Bentleys resentment towards Philip, and the relationship that he and Steve share. She desires such a relationship for herself and Philip, only to be faced with the realization that it will never transpire. This hinders the legitimacy of what she sees, as it is now biased; influenced by her resentment. ?gAbout a horse for Steve, then about Steve himself. He likes Steve, and as we talked I saw Philip?fs mouth get a little contentious.?h (85) As her resentment grows, so does her unreliability to present to events clearly as they occurred. Up until Steve left, Mrs. Bentley continued to express her displeasure with the relationship that Philip and Steve remained to share. ?gI played brilliantly, vindictively, determined to let Ph ilip see how easily... I could take the boy away from him?h (Ross, 63). Mrs. Bentley observes that her relationship with Steve is becoming not a companionship, but ?ga conspiracy?h (Ross, 95). After Steve left, Philip began spending a great deal of time with Judith. Philip was using Judith as an esca... ...ing unstable. The wind blows the dust over the house, the dust smothers the house, as Mrs. Bentley smothers Philip. They have no control over the dust, and it becomes clear that Mrs. Bentley also has no control over the dust, and it becomes clear that Mrs. Bentley has no control over Philip. ?gI must keep on reaching out, tying to possess him, trying to make myself matter?h (Ross, 99). She attempts to reach out, Philip sees it as smothering.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By looking at all the aspects, and dismissing Mrs. Bentleys bias, it becomes clear, the true understanding of the imaginative center, Philip Bentley. His role is to keep everyone in the Horizons together, along with Mrs. Bentley. This is palpable through his relationships, occurrences, and imagery. After the unreliable narrative is dismissed, the reader can gain a full understanding and appreciation of the imaginative center. Bibliography Ross, Sinclair. As for Me and My House. Ed. Malcom Ross. McClelland and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stewart Lt. Toronto / Montreal 1941. Stouck, David. Five Decades of Criticism. Ed. David Stouck. University of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Toronto Press. Toronto. 1991.

Comcast Marketing Strategy

|Marketing Strategy | |Comcast Corporation | | | | | | | | | | | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Comcast Corporation is facing strong new competition in markets where it used to have none. Comcast has been losing analog cable television customers while at the same time seeing reduced growth of subscribers for its new services. For example, Comcast added 247,000 digital cable subscribers in the 4th quarter of 2008, which is less than half of the 530,000 subscribers they added at the same time the previous year (businessinsider. com). Comcast is the largest cable company in the United States. In most of the regions that they operate, they are almost a monopoly. In Maryland alone, they command 82% of the cable market (allbusiness. om). Unfortunately, Comcast has taken the attitude of a monopoly when it comes to customer service and pricing. In 2004 and 2007, Comcast had the worst customer satisfaction rating of any company in the country (wikipedia. org). Comcast's legacy of terrible customer service has their customers ready to jump to a new company's service as soon as it becomes available. Telecommunications companies have begun to capitalize on this by implementing new technologies to provide digital television, high speed internet and internet telephony services over their existing networks in order to compete directly against Comcast. In order to fulfill Comcast's mission of offering the best products and the most customer-friendly and reliable service in the market, we are proposing a new Customer Service initiative as well as a Total Content Distribution strategy. This involves acquiring media content providers in order to provide exclusive content and to offer a one-stop shopping experience for consumers for all their entertainment and communication needs. Market Definition and Opportunity Comcast identifies its target market size as 50. million homes, located in 39 states and the District of Columbia, which can be connected to its distribution system without further extension of transmission lines. Currently, Comcast has 24. 2 million video customers (47. 8% penetration), 14. 9 million high-speed internet customers (29. 7% penetration), and 6. 5 million phone customers (13. 9% penetration). Comcast generates approximately 95% of its consolidated revenue from its Cable segment. Its cable systems simultaneously deliver video, high-speed internet and phone services to its customers (2008 Annual Report). Appendix A: Example Customer Satisfaction Survey In your most recent customer service experience, how did you contact the representative? ( )In Person ( )By Telephone ( )Internet ( )Other About how long did you have to wait before speaking to a representative? ( )I was taken care of immediately ( )Within 3 minutes ( )3-5 minutes ( )5-10 minutes ( )More than 10 minutes Did our representative†¦ (Select all that apply) ( )Quickly identify the problem ( )Appear knowledgeable and competent ( )Help you understand the cause and the solution to the problem ( )Handle issues with courtesy and professionalism About how long did it take to get this problem resolved? )Immediate Resolution ( )Less than a day ( )Between 2 and 3 days ( )Between 3 and 5 days ( )More than a week ( )The problem is still not resolved How many times did you have to contact customer service before the problem was corrected? ( )Once ( )Twice ( )Three Times ( )More than Three times On a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 represents â€Å"Extremely dissatisfied† and 5 rep resents â€Å"Extremely Satisfied,† please answer the below questions and provide any explanation that could help us to improve our customer service. How satisfied are you with the customer service experience? Overall, how would you rate your level of satisfaction with Comcast? If you were less than totally satisfied, what could have been done to serve you better? WORKS CITED â€Å"Comcast. † Wikipedia. org. Wikipedia. org, 2009. Web. 24 November 2009. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Comcast Comcast Corporation. Annual Report, 2008. Philadelphia, PA: Comcast Corporation, 2008. Frommer, Dan. â€Å"Comcast Beats Street, But Growth Hits the Wall. † The Business Insider. Silicon Valley Insider, 2009. Web. 18 February 2009. http://www. businessinsider. com/comcast-beats-street-but-growth-hits-the-wall-2009-2 â€Å"HD Market Penetration at All-Time High. † Afterdawn. com. AfterDawn Ltd, 2009. Web. 19 October 2009. ttp://www. afterdawn. com/news/archive/16014. cfm/ Herman, Josh. â€Å"Consumers on the Move. † Direct, 1 June 2006: pp 30-31. Mello, John P. â€Å"DVR Market Penetration: Riding a Provider-Powered Wave. † TechNewsWorld. com. E-Commerce Times, 2007. Web. 19 October 2009. http://www. technewsworld. com/story/media-conver gence/59497. html. â€Å"New Verizon Wireless Advertising Campaign Introduces the People Behind the Nation's Most Reliable Wireless Network. † World’s Technology News. Technology News, 2009. Web. 25 November 2009. http://www. mirror99. com/20060514/new_verizon_wireless_advertising_campaign_introduces_the_peo le_behind_the_nation_s_most_reliable_wireless_dfjg. jspx O’Donnell, Jayne. â€Å"Gen Y Sits on Top of Consumer Food Chain. † USA Today, 11 October 2006: p. 3B â€Å"Research: Internet connected TVs the trend for 2009. † Copypaste. nl. Copypaste Media, 9 August 2009. Web. 19 October 2009. http://www. copypaste. nl/788/research-internet-connected-tvs-now-officially-the-trend-for-2009. Waddell, Ray. â€Å"Comcast Center Title Deal Is One For Record Books. † AllBusiness. AllBusiness, 2000. Web. 24 January 2000. http://www. allbusiness. com/services/amusement-recreation-services/4560069-1. html

Pegomastax - Facts and Figures

Pegomastax - Facts and Figures Name: Pegomastax (Greek for thick jaw); pronounced PEG-oh-MAST-ax Habitat: Woodlands of southern Africa Historical Period: Early Jurassic (200 million years ago) Size and Weight: About two feet long and five pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Prominent fangs; short bristles on body About Pegomastax Some of the most notable dinosaur discoveries dont involve going out into the field with a shovel and pickax, but examining long-forgotten fossil specimens that have been filed away in dank museum basements. Thats the case with Pegomastax, which was recently named by Paul Sereno after he examined a neglected collection of fossils from southern Africa, which had been discovered in the early 1960s and stashed in Harvard Universitys extensive archives. Pegomastax was certainly an odd-looking dinosaur, at least by the standards of the early Mesozoic Era. About two feet long from head to tail, this close relative of Heterodontosaurus was equipped with a parrot-like beak studded by two prominent canines. The porcupine-like bristles that covered its body are reminiscent of the short, stiff, feathery protrusions of another herbivorous dinosaur, the late Jurassic Tianyulong, which was also an early ornithopod of the heterodontosaur family. Given its presumed plant-eating diet, why did Pegomastax have such sizable canines? Sereno speculates that this feature evolved not because Pegoamastax snacked occasionally on insects or rotting carcasses, but because it needed to a) defend itself against larger theropod dinosaurs and b) compete for the right to mate. If longer-toothed males were more likely to survive predation, and also more likely to attract females, you can see why natural selection would have favored Pegomastaxs fangs.

Henry Clay Should have been Pr essays

Henry Clay Should have been Pr essays I chose Henry Clay as the person who I think should have been president instead of these four other men. These other men were incompetent, they lacked leadership, and they each didnt have much support. None of them had much drive or motivation to be a good president, and as for a couple of them, they didnt have much political background at all. Henry Clay, on the other hand would have made a fantastic president instead of these four men. Even though he had already run for president three times, and lost, he still had the potential to be a great president. He had a vast background in politics. He had so much to do with what was going on that time in politics, it seem as if he never died (, from our pages of our history book that is). Henry Clay was a great man and I believe that he stood head-and-shoulders above the rest of the presidents of the 1850s. He was a great man who was secretary of state under John Quincy Adams and an unsuccessful candidate for the presidency in 1824, 1832, and 1844. He was one of the most popular and influential political leaders in American history. His genius in the art of compromise three times resolved bitter political conflicts that threatened to tear the nation apart, winning him the title The Great Pacificator. Clay was born on April 12, 1777, in Hanover County, Virginia, to a middle-class family. After studying law with the eminent George Wythe, Clay, at the age of 20, moved to Lexington, Kentucky, where he developed a thriving practice. He was blessed with a quick mind, a flair for oratory, and an ability to charm both sexes with his easy, attractive manner. Clay, who was ambitious for worldly success, married into a wealthy, and socially prominent, family and soon gained entry into Kentucky's most influential cliques. While still in his 20s, he was elected to the state legislature, in which he served for six years, until 1809. ...

Choose a topic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Choose a topic - Research Paper Example He proved himself to be an essential part of literature’s history, being not only a poet but a literary critic, a playwright, leader of literature’s modernist movement and winner of Nobel Prize in field of literature. Thomas Stearns Eliot was born in St. Louis on 26th September 1888 (Shook 722) to Henry Ware Eliot and Charlotte Stearns Eliot. He had six other siblings; his mother was a poet too. In 1905 he graduated high school, the following year was spent at a private prep school called Milton academy in Massachusetts. He started his term at Harvard in 1906 September, he studied from professors like Irving Abbott and Paul Elmer there, and both of whom became a major influence on Eliot’s writing. There influence on Eliot was through his stress on tradition and his classicism. Eliot also studied Dante’s poetry which too became his primary inspiration and source of enthusiasm. Eliot completed his B.A in 1909 and stayed at Harvard to complete English literature’s master’s degree. He left in fall of next year and went to Paris where he spent a year. He took courses at Sorbonne, wrote, read and mostly soaked the atmosphere in Paris. When he returned to States, he also went back to Harvard, where he continued taking graduate course now in philosophy, also serving as teaching assistant. In academic session 1914-1915 he was awarded travelling fellowship, with that he chose to go to Germany to study, yet he had to leave from there after just few weeks due to outbreak of World War 1. He went to London after his stay at Germany was terminated, which then became his permanent home. Eliot got a chance to meet Ezra Pound, through a class fellow from Harvard on 22nd September 1914; Pound too soon became major influence on Eliot’s literary career and its development. Eliot wrote one of his most famous poems â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†